Gal Viharaya
-The Timeless Rock Temple of Polonnaruwa
Discover Sri Lanka’s majestic stone-carved Buddha statues at Gal Viharaya – a sacred masterpiece of ancient Sinhalese art and spiritual devotion
Explore the Ancient Wonder
Introduction: What is Gal Viharaya?
Gal Viharaya is a famous Buddhist rock temple located in the ancient city of Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. This sacred site is known for its massive rock-cut Buddha statues that date back to the 12th century during the reign of King Parakramabahu I. The name “Gal Viharaya” means “Rock Monastery” in Sinhala, perfectly describing the temple’s unique stone-carved appearance.
It’s one of the most visited attractions in Polonnaruwa and a highlight for anyone interested in Sri Lanka’s Buddhist heritage, art, and culture.
Historical Significance
King Parakramabahu I built Gal Viharaya as part of a larger monastic complex. The temple played an important role in the religious and educational life of the kingdom. It was a place where monks gathered, meditated, and followed Buddhist teachings.
The Gal Viharaya statues reflect the golden age of Polonnaruwa, when Sri Lanka experienced a cultural and spiritual revival. These carvings are not only religious icons but also historic evidence of the island’s advanced stone sculpting techniques.
The Four Iconic Buddha Statues
Gal Viharaya is home to four beautifully sculpted Buddha images, each carved from a single granite rock face. These statues are aligned in a straight line and display different postures of the Buddha, symbolizing peace and enlightenment.
Seated Buddha
- Height: Around 15 feet.
- Position: Dhyana Mudra (meditation posture).
- Features: Calm expression, deep spiritual focus.
- This statue represents the Buddha in deep meditation under the Bodhi Tree.
Small Seated Statue (inside a cave)
- This is a less visible but important statue, carved inside a small man-made cave.
- Some believe it represents Vidyadhara, a celestial being, or another form of the Buddha.
Standing Buddha
- Height: Approximately 23 feet.
- Posture: Arms folded across the chest.
- Unique Feature: This statue shows sorrow or deep reflection, which is rare in Buddhist art.
- Some experts think it represents the Buddha grieving over a loss or showing compassion.
Reclining Buddha
- Length: 46 feet (the largest of all).
- Represents: Buddha entering Parinirvana (final enlightenment after death).
- This statue symbolizes peace, release from suffering, and spiritual liberation.
Artistic and Cultural Value
The level of detail and craftsmanship seen in Gal Viharaya is extraordinary. The statues were not painted or decorated but left as pure stone to reflect the simplicity and purity of Buddhism.
The natural grain of the rock and the precision of the carving demonstrate the skill of ancient Sri Lankan artists. Even today, architects and historians admire the harmony between natural stone and spiritual expression.
OPENING HOURS
Usually 7:00 AM to 5:30 PM
ENTRANCE FEE
Covered under the Polonnaruwa Ancient City ticket – USD 25
BEST TIME TO VISIT
Early morning or late afternoon to avoid the heat.
WEATHER TIP
Bring water, sunscreen, and a hat as it can be very hot.
